Skeleton · Legal
Co-founder agreement
📋 Template · 🎯 Pre-incorporation → first round · This is a starting outline, not legal advice — get counsel
More startups die from co-founder breakups than competitor moves. This skeleton captures the conversations before there's anything to fight over. Walk through it together. Sign it before incorporation.
The skeleton
FOUNDER AGREEMENT
Between: [Founder 1 Name], [Founder 2 Name], [Founder 3 Name]
For: [Company name, working title acceptable]
Date: [YYYY-MM-DD]
Status: Pre-incorporation working agreement
[Note: this becomes the basis of the SHA at incorporation; legal counsel must finalise.]
1 · ROLES
- [Founder 1]: [Title — CEO / CTO / etc.] · primary scope: [hiring & fundraising / product & eng / GTM]
- [Founder 2]: [Title] · primary scope: [...]
- [Founder 3]: [Title] · primary scope: [...]
Tie-breaker authority by domain:
- Commercial / hiring / fundraising decisions: [CEO]
- Product / engineering / architecture: [CTO]
- GTM / brand / sales: [Head of GTM]
2 · EQUITY SPLIT
- [Founder 1]: ___% reasoning: [years of work, capital contributed, IP, leadership of company]
- [Founder 2]: ___% reasoning: [...]
- [Founder 3]: ___% reasoning: [...]
- ESOP pool reserved at incorporation: ___% (typically 10–15%)
Total: 100%
3 · VESTING (mandatory — applies even to existing equity)
- Vesting schedule: 4 years
- Cliff: 1 year (no equity vests if a founder leaves before month 12)
- Vesting cadence after cliff: monthly
- Vesting start date: [YYYY-MM-DD]
4 · IP ASSIGNMENT
Each founder hereby assigns to the company all intellectual property — code, designs, written content, technical documents, customer relationships, trademarks — created in connection with the business of the company, whether before or after this agreement.
This applies to work done before incorporation, including from prior employers (where permitted).
5 · TIME COMMITMENT
- [Founder 1]: full-time from [date] · no other commitments > [N hours/week]
- [Founder 2]: full-time from [date]
- [Founder 3]: full-time from [date]
If any founder wishes to take outside work, paid advisory, or extended sabbatical (>30 days), requires written agreement of the others.
6 · DECISION-MAKING
Day-to-day decisions: per role assignment in Section 1.
Joint decisions (require consent of all founders):
- New co-founder hire
- Equity grants > ___% to any individual
- Pivoting business model
- Sale of company
- Raising a round
- Senior leadership hires (VP+ level)
Disagreements: 7-day cooling period, then mediation by the company's appointed advisor (named below). If unresolved, board vote (post-funding) or 50%+1 founder vote (pre-funding).
7 · DEPARTURE CLAUSES
Voluntary departure:
- Vested equity stays with departing founder, subject to ROFR for the company at fair market value.
- Unvested equity returns to the option pool.
Termination for cause (defined narrowly):
- Fraud / criminal conviction / gross misconduct / material breach of this agreement.
- Triggers loss of unvested equity AND clawback of 50% of vested equity at original cost basis.
Termination without cause:
- All vested equity stays.
- Severance: [N months] of cash equivalent.
Disability / extended health leave:
- Paid leave for 90 days; vesting continues.
- After 90 days, vesting pauses pro-rata until return.
8 · CONFIDENTIALITY & NON-COMPETE
Each founder agrees to maintain confidentiality of company information indefinitely.
Non-compete: 12 months post-departure, in [defined sector], [defined geography].
[Note: non-competes are unenforceable in California and limited in many jurisdictions; check local counsel.]
9 · ADVISORS
- [Advisor 1 name]: [domain] · ___% advisor equity, 2-yr vesting, no cliff.
- [Advisor 2 name]: [domain] · ___%, 2-yr vesting, no cliff.
10 · DISPUTE RESOLUTION
Any dispute is first mediated by [Named advisor]. If unresolved within 30 days, binding arbitration in [Jurisdiction] under [Arbitration body] rules.
SIGNATURES
[Founder 1 Name] · Date · Signature
[Founder 2 Name] · Date · Signature
[Founder 3 Name] · Date · Signature
[Witness] · Date · Signature
This is a starting outline, not legal advice. Run the final version past a startup-experienced lawyer in your jurisdiction. The cost (typically $1–3K) is the cheapest insurance you'll buy.
The "unspoken contract" exercise (do this before signing)
Each founder writes down separately, then compares:
- Hours worked per week (expected, not aspirational)
- Responsiveness on weekends / holidays
- Salary expectations year 1 / year 2 / year 3
- Personal exit timeline (when do you want to be done with this?)
- Acceptable causes to take a break / step back
Where the answers diverge: that's where the future fights are. Resolve them now.
Related skeletons